{"id":2006,"date":"2020-11-11T14:39:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T11:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/?p=2006"},"modified":"2025-03-24T20:56:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T17:56:46","slug":"jevenskie-poselenija-i-zhilishha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/11\/11\/jevenskie-poselenija-i-zhilishha\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2006\" class=\"elementor elementor-2006\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\" 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href=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/en\/blog\/category\/jeveny\/jazyk-jevenov\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee9599c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee9599c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc4533f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc4533f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u042d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-650710b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"650710b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-921938f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"921938f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n      <iframe\r\n        width=\"720\"\r\n        height=\"605\"\r\n        src=\"https:\/\/rutube.ru\/play\/embed\/09262a1404534d071a9e4f23323e072b\"\r\n        frameborder=\"0\"\r\n        allow=\"clipboard-write; autoplay\"\r\n        webkitallowfullscreen\r\n mozallowfullscreen\r\n allowfullscreen\r\n><\/iframe>\r\n    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e5a040c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e5a040c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7be2e\" data-id=\"b7be2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c59eaf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c59eaf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p align=\"justify\">According to ethnographic data, at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, there are three types of settlements among the Evens: camping-ground of reindeer herders and hunters, settlements of settled residents and zaimkas (small settlements).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Nomadic camps are characteristic of nomadic Evens, whose main industry is reindeer husbandry, and additional - land hunting in the taiga, mountains and fishing.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 (2 \u20133 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438), \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 (\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e 19 \u0447\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432), \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 4 \u2013 5 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0443 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0438 (\u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 2-\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432) \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0443 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Settlements of settled Evens and zaimkas were built in places convenient for fishing and sea animals, as well as in the vicinity of already existing settlements. Over time, some of them turned into large settlements. Usually 1-3 households settled on such settlements. The appearance of zaimka was often preceded by a pretty long period of semi-sedentary life.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2007 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Poselenie1-195x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Poselenie1-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Poselenie1-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Poselenie1.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">The nomadic way of life of the Evens led to the spread of traditional dwellings \u2013 ilumu (chum) and chorama-du (yurt). The chum-ilumu has a conical structure made of poles (with a certain fastening of the supporting poles); chorama-du \u2013 Even cylindrical-conical dwelling.\u00a0<i>\u0447\u0443\u043c \u2013 \u0438\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0443<\/i>\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0439 (\u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0439);\u00a0<i>\u0447\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430-\u0434\u044e<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The Even chum belongs to the Tungus type, which is characterized by four ways of connecting the main support poles of the chum: 2-3-4 main poles abut with their tops, connected with the help of left twigs or a rope made of rovduga, which are tied or crossed; the hearth circle is attached to one horizontal pole, fastened to the poles of the chum and a special pole inside the chum.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Since the end of the 19th century, there has been a distribution of the cylindrical-conical type of dwelling of the Even chorama-du. It is believed that the yurt first appeared among the Evens on the northern part  of the Okhotsk coast in the 18th and early 19th centuries due to the rapid development of reindeer husbandry and the growth in the number of individual families. The design of the Even chorama-du is somewhat similar to the design of the Chukchi and Koryak yarangs.\u00a0<i>\u0447\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430-\u0434\u044e<\/i>\u00a0In these types of dwellings, we note the presence of a cylindrical lower frame with a height of 1,5 meters with poles attached to it, forming a cone-shaped roof, which sharply increases the internal volume of the dwelling.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Inside the dwelling there were only the essentials for life, items that the Even family used in everyday life: dishes and utensils, baby cradles, bedding, sleeping bags made of reindeer skins, as well as equipment for a reindeer-hunter, stored in a strictly defined place (on the right and to the left of the entrance to the chum), a mobile table and bags for clothes. The placement of household items was traditionally assigned to certain places. Each family member adhered to the traditionally established order of moving and staying in the chum, which was extremely important with constant migrations, thereby harmony reigned in the Even's dwelling, there was no chaos and disorder.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">To the left of the front door (urkepen) was the choonal \u2013 a place for storing dishes and food. The bed of the mistress of the dwelling was spread over his headboard.\u00a0<i>\u0443\u0440\u043a\u044d\u043f\u044d\u043d<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f\u00a0<i>\u0447\u043e\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u044b. \u0418\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u043c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430. \u041c\u0443\u0436 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043a\u044d\u043f\u044d\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0443\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &#8220;<i>\u043c\u0430\u043b<\/i>&#8221; \u0438\u043b\u0438 &#8220;<i>\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0443<\/i>&#8221; \u2013 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2009 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Matculture2-2-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Matculture2-2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Matculture2-2-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Matculture2-2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Matculture2-2-600x402.jpg 600w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Matculture2-2.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Yurts have long been an indispensable element of the Even settlements, especially in the northern treeless regions of Yakutia. So, already in the early 1930-s the Evens of the Tompo district quit using the yurt, but it remained for a long time among the Evens of the Okhotsk coast. Until the end of the 1960-s the yurt was used only by the Evens of the Berezov-Rassokha region. Until now, the yurt is preserved by the tundra reindeer herders of northeastern Yakutia.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Traditional plague dwellings fell out of use in the 60-s of the last century. At present times, they used as a place for smoking meat and skins (for example, in the reindeer estates of the Kobyai district); tarpaulin material is used to cover them<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The yurt is still preserved by the tundra reindeer breeders of northeastern Yakutia. The reason for keeping it, there is strong piercing winds prevailing on the coast of the Arctic Ocean in winter. The main type of temporary dwelling, besides log cabins, among the Evens-reindeer herders is a gable tent, which is characterized by ease and convenience during transportation.<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>Dr. E.K. Alekseeva<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0425\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0423 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u044f\u0441\u043e, \u0440\u044b\u0431\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c &#8211; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b (\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443: \u043d\u044d\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0431\u0438\u0440\u043a\u044d\u043d, \u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d) \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u0445. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0437 &#8211; \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0428\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0430, \u0440\u044b\u0431\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>Dr. E.K. Alekseeva<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u041f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XIX \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0432. \u0443 \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"0","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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