{"id":2738,"date":"2020-11-25T09:52:36","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T06:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/?p=2738"},"modified":"2020-11-25T09:52:36","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T06:52:36","slug":"chukchi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/11\/25\/chukchi\/","title":{"rendered":"Chukchi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\"><b>Chukchi<\/b>\u00a0- indigenous inhabitants of Chukotka, according to the All-Russian Census of 2002, number 15,767 people. More than\u00a0<b>12.5 thousand<\/b>\u00a0of them live in the Chukotka Autonomous Area. Self-designation lygoravetlan (real people). As an official name of the people, this name itself has not caught on, although a significant part of the Chukchi continue to call themselves so according to the old tradition.<\/p>\n<div  id=\"_ytid_28274\"  width=\"800\" height=\"537\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"537\"  data-relstop=\"1\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tGwSlBPCvO8?enablejsapi=1&#038;autoplay=0&#038;cc_load_policy=0&#038;cc_lang_pref=ru&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;loop=0&#038;rel=0&#038;fs=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autohide=2&#038;theme=dark&#038;color=red&#038;controls=1&#038;disablekb=0&#038;\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade epyt-is-override  no-lazyload\" data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\"  alt=\"\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0443 \u0413.\u0418., \u0433. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0440\u044c\"  src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/tGwSlBPCvO8\/maxresdefault.jpg\"  \/><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div>\n<p><b>\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0443 \u0413.\u0418 (\u0433. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0440\u044c)<\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The Chukchi are subdivided into reindeer chukchi \u2013 tundra nomadic reindeer herders and a coastal \u2013 sedentary hunters for sea animals. The reindeer Chukchi, as well as Koryaks, call themselves chauchu, chavchu (reindeer man), the seaside ones - ankalyn, ankalyt (coast). Among the Western Chukchi, the self-name Chugchit is widespread, apparently from the Chauchu. It was first recorded in 1958 in the Kepervey settlement of the Bilibino region by V.V. Leontiev.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0418.\u0421. \u0412\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u043a\u0447\u0430. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430:\u00a0<b>\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044b\u0442<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; \u0443\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b,\u00a0<b>\u0447\u0430\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044b\u0442<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0427\u0430\u0443\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0414\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430:\u00a0<b>\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044b\u0442<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435;\u00a0<b>\u0433\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044b\u0442<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0442.\u043f. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b. \u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438. \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c &#8211; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u00a0<b>&#8220;\u0440&#8221;<\/b>, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u00a0<b>&#8220;\u0446&#8221;<\/b>. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043b\u043e. \u0428\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0425VII \u0432. \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0418\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0425VIII \u0432., \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0438 \u044e\u0433. \u041a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0425\u0425 \u0432. \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435, \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 &#8211; \u0437\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f: \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435 &#8211; \u0432 \u041e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0435 (\u0441. \u0410\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f (1530 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a), \u0432 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0438 &#8211; \u0432 \u041d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435-\u041a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0435 (1300).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u044d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u044d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0425VIII \u0432., \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0418.\u0418. \u0411\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0441\u0430 (1785-1793 \u0433\u0433.) (\u0421\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0432, 1802; \u042d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, 1978). \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XIX \u0432. \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u041b. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044f (1820-1824). \u0424\u041b. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 (\u0412\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c, 1841), \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0424.\u0424. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u044e\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0410.\u042d. \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439-\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e &#8220;\u0427\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438&#8221; (1824).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449, \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435, \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410.\u041f. \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 (1950), \u041e.\u0415. \u041a\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0431\u0443 (1948), \u0424\u041b. \u041b\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0435 (1948). \u041e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0430\u0445, \u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0410.\u0415. \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430 \u0413.\u0423. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 (1960).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435: \u0413.\u0413. \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f (1894), \u0410.\u0410. \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430 (1888), \u0410.\u0412. \u041e\u043b\u0441\u0443\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430 (1896).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u041d.\u041b. \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0438 (1888, 1897\u0430, 1897\u0431, 1897\u0432, 1897\u0433, 1897\u0434) \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u041d.\u041f. \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 (1912). \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u041d. \u0424. \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 (1912), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432 1908-191 \u041e \u0433\u0433. \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f &#8220;\u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430&#8221;. \u0418\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u041a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 XVIII-XIX \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0410.\u0415. \u0428\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (1818, 1822), \u0410.\u0441. \u0421\u0433\u0438\u0431 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430 (1869), \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0410.\u0410. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 (1857, 1869, 1876, 1879). \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0413\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XIX &#8211; \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0425\u0425 \u0432. \u0412.\u0413. \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f &#8220;The Chukche&#8221; (Bogoras, 1904; 1907; 1909; 1910) &#8211; \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u00ac\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 (\u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437, 1900). \u041e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044b, \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0413.\u0424. \u0414\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0446\u0430 (1951) \u0438 \u041c.\u0413. \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 (1936) \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0421.\u0418. \u0420\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e (\u0420\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, 1947), \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044c\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0440. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b, \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0410.\u041f. \u041e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c (\u041e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, 1947). \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u042f\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435\u043c (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0410\u043c\u0433\u0443\u044d\u043c\u044b) \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u041d.\u041d. \u041b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u041e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044c\u044f. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u00ac\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0440. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0440\u044c \u041d.\u041d. \u0414\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 (\u0414\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, 1961).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u042d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0437 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0410.\u041c. \u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 (1938), \u041c.\u0413. \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 (1958\u0430,\u0431), \u0418.\u0421. \u0412\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 (1972\u0430,\u0431), \u0418.\u0421. \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 (1980) \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 &#8220;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0435 \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438&#8221; (1961), \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435 &#8220;\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438&#8221; (1956), \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0410.\u0410. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0412.\u0412. \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0413.\u041c. \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u041d.\u0424. \u041f\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445. \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0430, 1957; \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447, 1990; \u0412\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d, 1976; 1977; 1981), \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 (\u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a, 1989).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439: \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u041e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 (\u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432, 1975; \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432, 1981; \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, 1973 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.). \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 1980-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044e &#8220;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439&#8221; (\u041b., 1987).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0420\u044f\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 &#8211; \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0413.\u041c. \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 (1999), \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0432 XIX \u00ac\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0425\u0425 \u0432.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0415.\u0410. \u041f\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 (1994). \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0410.\u041a. \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 &#8220;\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0425VII &#8211; \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0425\u0425 \u0432.) (\u0421\u041f\u0431., 2003) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u0420\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440., 2002; \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u0428\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0432, 2008; \u0422\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432, 2008).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0414. \u0428\u0438\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440 (Schi\u043fdler, 1992, 1997), \u041f. \u0428\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0430 (Schweitzer, 1993; Gray, Schvweitzer, 2000), \u0410. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (Z\u043fame\u043fski, 1999), \u041f. \u0413\u0440\u044d\u0439 (Gray 2000,2003,2004), \u0412. \u0412\u0430\u0442\u044d (Vate, 2005\u0430, 2005\u0431) \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><i>\u0412.\u0410. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432<br \/>\n\u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438<\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0427\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438\u00a0&#8211; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 2002 \u0433. \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 15 767 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435\u00a012,5 \u0442\u044b\u0441.\u00a0\u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[139,133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-obshhie-svedenija","category-chukchi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0427\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/11\/25\/chukchi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438 -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u043a\u0447\u0438\u00a0&#8211; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 2002 \u0433. \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 15 767 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435\u00a012,5 \u0442\u044b\u0441.\u00a0\u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/en\/blog\/2020\/11\/25\/chukchi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0420\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 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