{"id":6215,"date":"2021-04-13T05:40:47","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T02:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/?p=6215"},"modified":"2021-04-13T05:40:47","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T02:40:47","slug":"tradicionnoe-hozjajstvo-tundrovyh-juk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/en\/blog\/2021\/04\/13\/tradicionnoe-hozjajstvo-tundrovyh-juk\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_6216\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6216\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6216\" src=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/yukagir-tundra-1-300x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/yukagir-tundra-1-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/yukagir-tundra-1-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/yukagir-tundra-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/arctic-megapedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/yukagir-tundra-1.jpg 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6216\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e: \u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f, 1902 \u0433. (\u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u044b\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 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\u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044b \u043a \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044e, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044f-\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0430, \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043a: \u0441\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b (\u0448\u044d\u043d\u044c\u0438\u043b\u044c), \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0448\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043b), \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438 (\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b), \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044b (\u044d\u043d\u044d), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0446 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 (\u0434\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439), \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0420\u044b\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f, \u043c\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u0439\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439\u044d) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u044b\u0431\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u044e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438 (\u0451\u0437) \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438 (\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044d). \u0412 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u0433\u043e\u0434, \u0434\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438 (\u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439), \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The tundra Yukaghirs hunted foxes and arctic foxes with a club (club), overtaking them on a reindeer sled. In autumn, waterfowl were shot on the lakes during their molt. They used darts and bolas \u2013 a bundle of stones on straps. They fished from late spring to autumn. Yukaghirs caught perch, nelma, chir, omul, muksun with hair nets (yodiye) or seines. On the spawning grounds, fish were caught with fish gaff and fish hooks. In the mountain streams, hedges (eoz) and wicker tops (morte) were set up. In October - November, the Yukaghir people fished in the ice hole with hair nets. An auxiliary activity was the gathering of berries, wild onions, pine nuts, saran roots, leaves, larch sapwood (a layer of young wood under the bark) and mushrooms. Mammoth tusks were mined for sale.\nTransport reindeer herding played an important role among the tundra Yukaghirs. The farm had from 2-3 to 19 - 20 reindeer, wealthy families had 100 - 150 cattles. In the summer, they united in groups and grazed animals together. They rode reindeer, carried things in a pack (ordered), in winter they used sled teams. Riding sleds are arc-dusty, cargo sleds are shorter and single-dust. As a rule, one deer was harnessed to the sled. Taiga harnessed to sleds for 4-5 dogs. Dog sled (midi, miedie) \u2013 knitted rectum-dust, up to 2,5 m long with a front \"ram\" arc. In winter, Yukaghirs walked in the snow on wide ceilings, lined with camus skis, on the crust - on golits (kokis). In summer, they moved on the water on dugout boats, rafts, birch bark boats.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>N. V. Pluzhnikov<\/em><br \/>\n<em>(from the book \u201cPeoples of the North-East of Russia\u201d).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" class=\"translation-block\">Materials of the \u201cThe Arctic is my home: the peoples of the North\u201d encyclopedia,<br>\nMoscow, 2001<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u044b\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044e\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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