Eskimos speak the languages of the Eskimo branch of the Eskimo-Aleut family; the Eskimo language is widespread on the southeastern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia), on the Alaska Peninsula with adjacent islands (USA), in the Arctic zone of Canada, Greenland (Denmark).

  In 1848, the Russian missionary N. Tyzhnov published a primer of the Eskimo language.   In 1932, a modern script was created on the basis of Latin script and the first Yuit alphabet was published.   In 1937, the Yupik script was transferred to the Russian script.

  There are three distinct languages in the Eskimo language:

1. Chaplin (underlying written language),
2. Naukan,
3. Sirenian (extinct).

Speakers of the Chaplin dialect of the Eskimo language (according to another classification of the Chaplin language) live in Russia in the settlements of Novoye Chaplino, Sireniki, Provideniya, Uelkal, and the city of Anadyr (Chukotka AO). Here they number about 900 people (according to N.B. Vakhtin). In the USA, in the Gambel and Savoonga settlements on St. Lawrence Island, there are about 1300 Chaplin Eskimos (Dorais 1992, 237-255), according to Russian sources there are about 1100 Chaplin Eskimos in the USA.

Speakers of the Naukan dialect of the Eskimo language (according to another classification, the Naukan language) live in Russia in the settlements of Lorino, Lavrentiya, Uelen and Provideniya (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug). The total number of Naukan language speakers is about 400-500 people, the native language is spoken by about 100-200 people (according to the 1989 census).

Speakers of the dialect of Sirenik Eskimos (according to another classification, the Old Sirenik language) inhabited the eastern coast of Chukotka in the early 20th century. At that time their number was not more than 100 people. In 1992, there were only two speakers of the Sireniki Eskimo language, representatives of the older generation living in the village of Sireniki (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia). In 1997, the last speaker of the Sireniki language died (according to the data, the Sireniki language is widespread on the southeastern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, mainly on the territory of the Providensky District of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The same language is spoken on St. Lawrence Island (Alaska) in Savoonga and Gambell settlements.

In the 1920s, several Eskimo families were resettled in the settlement of Uelkal (Iultinsky District, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug); their descendants still live there today. In the late 1950s, as a result of the policy of consolidation, many settlements were liquidated and their inhabitants resettled. Thus, the settlements of Unazik, Avan, Ureliki, Kivak, etc. were relocated to Novoye Chaplino settlement, and the settlement of Imtuk - to Sireniki settlement. Sireniki is the only one that remained in its original place. (Source: https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/)